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# Vault7: CIA Hacking Tools Revealed

Navigation: » Directory » Cocoon » Cocoon » tinc

Owner: User #71475

## tinc Protocol

    This is the protocol documentation for tinc, a Virtual Private
    Network daemon.

    1.  Protocols used in tinc
    -------------------------

    tinc uses several protocols to function correctly.  To enter the
    network of tinc daemons that make up the virtual private network,
    tinc
    makes
    TCP
    Transport Control Protocol
    connections to other tinc daemons.  It uses the "meta
    protocol" for these connections.  To exchange packets on the
    virtual
    network,
    UDP
    User Datagram Protocol
    connections are made and the "packet protocol" is used.
    Tinc also needs to exchange network packets with the kernel.  This
    is
    done using the ethertap device or the universal TUN/TAP device that
    can be found in various
    UNIX
    Operating system flavours.

    2.  Packet protocol
    ------------------

    Normal packets are sent without any state information, so the
    layout
    is pretty basic.

    A data packet can only be sent if the encryption key, cipher and
    digest are
    known to both parties, and the connection is activated. If the
    encryption key
    is not known, a request is sent to the destination using the meta
    connection to
    retreive it.

    0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   ...   97  98  99  100
    |     seqno     |         data        |
    MAC
    Apple Operating System
     |
    \____________________________________/\_______________/
                     |                           |
      encrypted using symmetric cipher         digest

    The sequence number prevents replay attacks, the message
    authentication code
    prevents altered packets from being accepted.

    3.  Meta protocol
    ----------------

    The meta protocol is used to tie all tinc daemons together, and
    exchange information about which tinc daemon serves which virtual
    subnet.

    The meta protocol consists of requests that can be sent to the
    other
    side.  Each request has a unique number and several parameters.
    All
    requests are represented in the standard
    ASCII
    7-bit character set
    character set.  It is
    possible to use tools such as telnet or netcat to connect to a tinc
    daemon and to read and write requests by hand, provided that one
    understands the numeric codes sent.

    The authentication scheme is described in the SECURITY2 file. After
    a
    succesful authentication, the server and the client will exchange
    all the
    information about other tinc daemons and subnets they know of, so
    that both
    sides (and all the other tinc daemons behind them) have their
    information
    synchronised.

    daemon  message
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    origin  ADD_EDGE node1 node2 21.32.43.54 655 222 0
                       |     |        |       |   |  +-> options
                       |     |        |       |   +----> weight
                       |     |        |       +-------->
    UDP
    User Datagram Protocol port
    of node2
                       |     |        +----------------> real
    address of node2
                       |     +-------------------------> name of
    destination node
                       +-------------------------------> name of
    source node

    origin  ADD_SUBNET node 192.168.1.0/24
                         |         |     +--> prefixlength
                         |         +--------> network address
                         +------------------> owner of this subnet
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The ADD_EDGE messages are to inform other tinc daemons that a
    connection between
    two nodes exist. The address of the destination node is available
    so that
    VPN packets can be sent directly to that node.

    The ADD_SUBNET messages inform other tinc daemons that certain
    subnets belong
    to certain nodes. tinc will use it to determine to which node a
    VPN
    Virtual Private Network
    packet has
    to be sent.

    message
    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    DEL_EDGE node1 node2
               |     +----> name of destination node
               +----------> name of source node

    DEL_SUBNET node 192.168.1.0/24
                 |         |     +--> prefixlength
                 |         +--------> network address
                 +------------------> owner of this subnet
    ------------------------------------------------------------------

    In case a connection between two daemons is closed or broken,
    DEL_EDGE messages
    are sent to inform the other daemons of that fact. Each daemon will
    calculate a
    new route to the the daemons, or mark them unreachable if there
    isn't any.

    message
    ------------------------------------------------------------------
    REQ_KEY origin destination
               |       +--> name of the tinc daemon it wants the key
    from
               +----------> name of the daemon that wants the key

    ANS_KEY origin destination 4ae0b0a82d6e0078 91 64 4
               |       |       \______________/ |  |  +-->
    MAC
    Apple Operating System
    length
               |       |               |        |  +-----> digest
    algorithm
               |       |               |        +--------> cipher
    algorithm
               |       |               +--> 128 bits key
               |       +--> name of the daemon that wants the key
               +----------> name of the daemon that uses this key

    KEY_CHANGED origin
                  +--> daemon that has changed it's packet key
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The keys used to encrypt
    VPN
    Virtual Private Network
    packets are not sent out directly. This is
    because it would generate a lot of traffic on VPNs with many
    daemons, and
    chances are that not every tinc daemon will ever send a packet to
    every
    other daemon. Instead, if a daemon needs a key it sends a request
    for it
    via the meta connection of the nearest hop in the direction of the
    destination. If any hop on the way has already learned the key, it
    will
    act as a proxy and forward its copy back to the requestor.

    daemon  message
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------
    origin  PING
    dest.   PONG
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------

    There is also a mechanism to check if hosts are still alive. Since
    network
    failures or a crash can cause a daemon to be killed without
    properly
    shutting down the
    TCP
    Transport Control Protocol
    connection, this is necessary to keep an up to date
    connection list. Pings are sent at regular intervals, except when
    there
    is also some other traffic. A little bit of salt (random data) is
    added
    with each PING and PONG message, to make sure that long sequences
    of PING/PONG
    messages without any other traffic won't result in known plaintext.

    This basically covers everything that is sent over the meta
    connection by
    tinc.

### Previous versions:

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